It's to bad that brokerage fees don't seem to be included in typical shipping estimates and quotes from vendors but I don't believe this is really the fault of the vendors who are usually quite transparent about the need to for the buyer to pay taxes and duties.

Yes, these work (and a soft tanh() limiter improves on the hard limiter a little bit), but I think they don't work as well as a PLL with a pure carrier, where performance is measured as the variance of the phase estimate at a given SNR. > After all, the energy is still the same.

Yes, that setup can give you a > rough estimate of the counter's noise floor. > > I can't give you specific numbers but one danger with this > sort of test is that the input and the timebase are > artificially locked together (i.e. fixed phase relationship) > through the common reference.

(2) Further, 6 hours is almost certainly a shorter period than it normally uses to forecast PU, so a forecast after ANY six-hour period of data collection (even when fully warm and stable) will not be its best estimate.

Alternately one can look at part of a sawtooth for a quick estimate. It's neat to see that I'm starting to get triangles rather than a sawtooth-- meaning the two are essentially at the same frequency and drifting about each other.

Ultimately, they measured the baseline (down on the flats) to 1 part in 11.6 million, and they estimate the probable error of the MICHELSON-ANTONIO line was 1 part in 5 million.

Hi Ok, so 0.1 second at the sync point is indeed a reasonable estimate. If that’s all you need to deal with (you correct out the crystal offset one way or the other) then: At 1 day you have 11.5 ppm accuracy. Roughly a 100 Hz beat note with WWV at 10 MHz. At 10 days you have 1.15 ppm. Roughly a 1 Hz beat note at 10 MHz. At 100 days you have 0.115 ppm.

We know, or at least assume, that the GPS's internal clock is step-less and slowly changing, so if you put a predictive filter on this stuff, it can actually do a reasonable job at estimating which way the rounding of the sawtooth correction went (since it is integral ns).

If you want to be esoteric use the "Beaufort Wind Scale" It is actually still used because it can be estimated from looking at the water.

A way to estimate the wall-shift is to run different sizes of glas-bulbs, and notice the maser frequency shift. The old hydrogen masers where really experimental platsforms to a much higher degree, but that also meant that validation was done.