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Discussion of precise voltage measurement

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Re: [volt-nuts] Matched resistors

CS
Charles Steinmetz
Wed, Jul 23, 2014 12:40 AM

Randy wrote:

I agree that there are potentially some serious unknown issues with drift
due to time and temperature due to changes in leakage current, charge
injection, etc.  I would think some serious characterization would be
needed before this approach could be used.

I have used LTC1043s in the voltage-multiplier configuration, and
based on that experience I believe you will find there are too many
surprises hiding there to reach your error budget.  First, there are
losses in the conversion -- IME, even when driving nothing but the
non-inverting input of an LTC1050 chopper-stabilized opamp used as a
follower, the output voltage of an LTC1043 doubler is quite a bit
(50uV or more) less than [Vin * 2].  Second, the output of the 1043 +
buffer is about 100x noisier than the output of the same reference
followed by a non-inverting gain-of-two LTC1050 (on the order of
100uVp-p for the 1043 + buffer, about 1uVp-p for the non-inverting
gain-of-two amplifier in a 10Hz bandwidth, IME).  Also, the 1043
noise is not symmetrical, so different DC meters may give readings
that differ by 50uV from one another.

If you try the LTC1043, I'll be interested to see what you find.

Best regards,

Charles

Randy wrote: >I agree that there are potentially some serious unknown issues with drift >due to time and temperature due to changes in leakage current, charge >injection, etc. I would think some serious characterization would be >needed before this approach could be used. I have used LTC1043s in the voltage-multiplier configuration, and based on that experience I believe you will find there are too many surprises hiding there to reach your error budget. First, there are losses in the conversion -- IME, even when driving nothing but the non-inverting input of an LTC1050 chopper-stabilized opamp used as a follower, the output voltage of an LTC1043 doubler is quite a bit (50uV or more) less than [Vin * 2]. Second, the output of the 1043 + buffer is about 100x noisier than the output of the same reference followed by a non-inverting gain-of-two LTC1050 (on the order of 100uVp-p for the 1043 + buffer, about 1uVp-p for the non-inverting gain-of-two amplifier in a 10Hz bandwidth, IME). Also, the 1043 noise is not symmetrical, so different DC meters may give readings that differ by 50uV from one another. If you try the LTC1043, I'll be interested to see what you find. Best regards, Charles
RE
Randy Evans
Wed, Jul 23, 2014 3:09 AM

Charles,

For the design I am contemplating, the accuracy of the X2 in not important,
only the stability.  For example, if the output of the X2 is 50uV low, I
don't care so long as its always 50 uV low +/- a few ppm over time and
temperature.  The noise could be filtered but its must also be stable.
Based on what I am hearing, the switched capacitor multiplier doesn't look
promising.

Randy

On Tue, Jul 22, 2014 at 5:40 PM, Charles Steinmetz csteinmetz@yandex.com
wrote:

Randy wrote:

I agree that there are potentially some serious unknown issues with drift

due to time and temperature due to changes in leakage current, charge
injection, etc.  I would think some serious characterization would be
needed before this approach could be used.

I have used LTC1043s in the voltage-multiplier configuration, and based on
that experience I believe you will find there are too many surprises hiding
there to reach your error budget.  First, there are losses in the
conversion -- IME, even when driving nothing but the non-inverting input of
an LTC1050 chopper-stabilized opamp used as a follower, the output voltage
of an LTC1043 doubler is quite a bit (50uV or more) less than [Vin * 2].
Second, the output of the 1043 + buffer is about 100x noisier than the
output of the same reference followed by a non-inverting gain-of-two
LTC1050 (on the order of 100uVp-p for the 1043 + buffer, about 1uVp-p for
the non-inverting gain-of-two amplifier in a 10Hz bandwidth, IME).  Also,
the 1043 noise is not symmetrical, so different DC meters may give readings
that differ by 50uV from one another.

If you try the LTC1043, I'll be interested to see what you find.

Best regards,

Charles


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Charles, For the design I am contemplating, the accuracy of the X2 in not important, only the stability. For example, if the output of the X2 is 50uV low, I don't care so long as its always 50 uV low +/- a few ppm over time and temperature. The noise could be filtered but its must also be stable. Based on what I am hearing, the switched capacitor multiplier doesn't look promising. Randy On Tue, Jul 22, 2014 at 5:40 PM, Charles Steinmetz <csteinmetz@yandex.com> wrote: > Randy wrote: > > I agree that there are potentially some serious unknown issues with drift >> due to time and temperature due to changes in leakage current, charge >> injection, etc. I would think some serious characterization would be >> needed before this approach could be used. >> > > I have used LTC1043s in the voltage-multiplier configuration, and based on > that experience I believe you will find there are too many surprises hiding > there to reach your error budget. First, there are losses in the > conversion -- IME, even when driving nothing but the non-inverting input of > an LTC1050 chopper-stabilized opamp used as a follower, the output voltage > of an LTC1043 doubler is quite a bit (50uV or more) less than [Vin * 2]. > Second, the output of the 1043 + buffer is about 100x noisier than the > output of the same reference followed by a non-inverting gain-of-two > LTC1050 (on the order of 100uVp-p for the 1043 + buffer, about 1uVp-p for > the non-inverting gain-of-two amplifier in a 10Hz bandwidth, IME). Also, > the 1043 noise is not symmetrical, so different DC meters may give readings > that differ by 50uV from one another. > > If you try the LTC1043, I'll be interested to see what you find. > > Best regards, > > Charles > > > > > _______________________________________________ > volt-nuts mailing list -- volt-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/ > mailman/listinfo/volt-nuts > and follow the instructions there. >
AJ
Andreas Jahn
Wed, Jul 23, 2014 9:14 PM

Hello,

the 50uV loss is plausible to me.

But for the 100uVpp I have to ask for the measurement conditions.
Is the source (reference) connected via (long cable) and supplied with
another mains line
or on the same pcb with the same power supply (or battery supplied).
Was the pcb cleaned before measurement to keep leakage low?
How much noise did the reference generate? 1uV output measurement is
quite low with
typical 0.6ppm/V of a buried zener multiplied by 2 and a amplifier with
1.6uVpp (referred to input).

As every CMOS input is susceptible against noise (getting rectified over
the input protection diodes)
you can easily shift the input voltage by an offset due to RF noise.
For LTC1043 inputs which are connected via external line I use a 1nF filter
capacitor against ground to keep the influence of the RF noise low.

With best regards

Andreas

Am 23.07.2014 02:40, schrieb Charles Steinmetz:

Randy wrote:

I agree that there are potentially some serious unknown issues with
drift
due to time and temperature due to changes in leakage current, charge
injection, etc.  I would think some serious characterization would be
needed before this approach could be used.

I have used LTC1043s in the voltage-multiplier configuration, and
based on that experience I believe you will find there are too many
surprises hiding there to reach your error budget.  First, there are
losses in the conversion -- IME, even when driving nothing but the
non-inverting input of an LTC1050 chopper-stabilized opamp used as a
follower, the output voltage of an LTC1043 doubler is quite a bit
(50uV or more) less than [Vin * 2].  Second, the output of the 1043 +
buffer is about 100x noisier than the output of the same reference
followed by a non-inverting gain-of-two LTC1050 (on the order of
100uVp-p for the 1043 + buffer, about 1uVp-p for the non-inverting
gain-of-two amplifier in a 10Hz bandwidth, IME).  Also, the 1043 noise
is not symmetrical, so different DC meters may give readings that
differ by 50uV from one another.

If you try the LTC1043, I'll be interested to see what you find.

Best regards,

Charles


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Hello, the 50uV loss is plausible to me. But for the 100uVpp I have to ask for the measurement conditions. Is the source (reference) connected via (long cable) and supplied with another mains line or on the same pcb with the same power supply (or battery supplied). Was the pcb cleaned before measurement to keep leakage low? How much noise did the reference generate? 1uV output measurement is quite low with typical 0.6ppm/V of a buried zener multiplied by 2 and a amplifier with 1.6uVpp (referred to input). As every CMOS input is susceptible against noise (getting rectified over the input protection diodes) you can easily shift the input voltage by an offset due to RF noise. For LTC1043 inputs which are connected via external line I use a 1nF filter capacitor against ground to keep the influence of the RF noise low. With best regards Andreas Am 23.07.2014 02:40, schrieb Charles Steinmetz: > Randy wrote: > >> I agree that there are potentially some serious unknown issues with >> drift >> due to time and temperature due to changes in leakage current, charge >> injection, etc. I would think some serious characterization would be >> needed before this approach could be used. > > I have used LTC1043s in the voltage-multiplier configuration, and > based on that experience I believe you will find there are too many > surprises hiding there to reach your error budget. First, there are > losses in the conversion -- IME, even when driving nothing but the > non-inverting input of an LTC1050 chopper-stabilized opamp used as a > follower, the output voltage of an LTC1043 doubler is quite a bit > (50uV or more) less than [Vin * 2]. Second, the output of the 1043 + > buffer is about 100x noisier than the output of the same reference > followed by a non-inverting gain-of-two LTC1050 (on the order of > 100uVp-p for the 1043 + buffer, about 1uVp-p for the non-inverting > gain-of-two amplifier in a 10Hz bandwidth, IME). Also, the 1043 noise > is not symmetrical, so different DC meters may give readings that > differ by 50uV from one another. > > If you try the LTC1043, I'll be interested to see what you find. > > Best regards, > > Charles > > > > _______________________________________________ > volt-nuts mailing list -- volt-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to > https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/volt-nuts > and follow the instructions there.
CS
Charles Steinmetz
Thu, Jul 24, 2014 3:59 AM

Andreas wrote:

But for the 100uVpp I have to ask for the measurement conditions.
Is the source (reference) connected via (long cable) and supplied
with another mains line

No

or on the same pcb with the same power supply (or battery supplied).

Yes.  (And I have extensive design experience with ultra-low noise
power supplies, decoupling, RFI prevention, and low-noise grounding.)

Was the pcb cleaned before measurement to keep leakage low?

Yes, it was freshly built and cleaned upon completion (vapor-phase),
although that really has no bearing on commutation noise (charge
injection) internal to the switched capacitor circuit, which is where
all of the cyclical noise is generated.  Can it be filtered
out?  Perhaps, but not easily without raising some other noise or
drift problem.

How much noise did the reference generate? 1uV output measurement is
quite low with
typical 0.6ppm/V of a buried zener multiplied by 2 and a amplifier
with 1.6uVpp (referred to input).

I was using the ADR4520 (1uVp-p noise in the 0.1-10Hz band), with
post-filtering.  When I said "about 1uVpp" output noise, I was
thinking order of magnitude for purposes of comparison to 100uV, not
precise value (which was more like 2-3uVpp).

Best regards,

Charles

Andreas wrote: >But for the 100uVpp I have to ask for the measurement conditions. >Is the source (reference) connected via (long cable) and supplied >with another mains line No >or on the same pcb with the same power supply (or battery supplied). Yes. (And I have extensive design experience with ultra-low noise power supplies, decoupling, RFI prevention, and low-noise grounding.) >Was the pcb cleaned before measurement to keep leakage low? Yes, it was freshly built and cleaned upon completion (vapor-phase), although that really has no bearing on commutation noise (charge injection) internal to the switched capacitor circuit, which is where all of the cyclical noise is generated. Can it be filtered out? Perhaps, but not easily without raising some other noise or drift problem. >How much noise did the reference generate? 1uV output measurement is >quite low with >typical 0.6ppm/V of a buried zener multiplied by 2 and a amplifier >with 1.6uVpp (referred to input). I was using the ADR4520 (1uVp-p noise in the 0.1-10Hz band), with post-filtering. When I said "about 1uVpp" output noise, I was thinking order of magnitude for purposes of comparison to 100uV, not precise value (which was more like 2-3uVpp). Best regards, Charles