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HP5065A C-field current is temperature sensitive

PK
Poul-Henning Kamp
Fri, Aug 28, 2015 8:06 AM

Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability,
but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current
generator and the C-field pots "calibration":

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have
a very high temp-co.

Getting closer...

--
Poul-Henning Kamp      | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
phk@FreeBSD.ORG        | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer      | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability, but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current generator and the C-field pots "calibration": http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html ... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have a very high temp-co. Getting closer... -- Poul-Henning Kamp | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20 phk@FreeBSD.ORG | TCP/IP since RFC 956 FreeBSD committer | BSD since 4.3-tahoe Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.
A
Adrian
Sat, Aug 29, 2015 1:03 PM

Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the
C-field circuit.
Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B.
The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected.

I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an
external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly.

Adrian

Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb:

Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability,
but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current
generator and the C-field pots "calibration":

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have
a very high temp-co.

Getting closer...

Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the C-field circuit. Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B. The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected. I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly. Adrian Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb: > Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability, > but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current > generator and the C-field pots "calibration": > > http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html > > ... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have > a very high temp-co. > > Getting closer... >
PK
Poul-Henning Kamp
Sat, Aug 29, 2015 3:09 PM

In message 55E1ADA8.2000102@arcor.de, Adrian writes:

Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the
C-field circuit.
Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B.
The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected.

Absolutely not, it's clearly part of the picture, but something has
10x the tempco of that one right now.

I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an
external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly.

That's what I'm doing right now: C-field driven by Fluke 732A
through 2.5k resistor.

--
Poul-Henning Kamp      | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
phk@FreeBSD.ORG        | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer      | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

-------- In message <55E1ADA8.2000102@arcor.de>, Adrian writes: >Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the >C-field circuit. >Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B. >The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected. Absolutely not, it's clearly part of the picture, but something has 10x the tempco of that one right now. >I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an >external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly. That's what I'm doing right now: C-field driven by Fluke 732A through 2.5k resistor. -- Poul-Henning Kamp | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20 phk@FreeBSD.ORG | TCP/IP since RFC 956 FreeBSD committer | BSD since 4.3-tahoe Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.
BC
Bob Camp
Sat, Aug 29, 2015 4:56 PM

Hi

Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”.
You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with
the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability
messed up that way.

Bob

On Aug 29, 2015, at 9:03 AM, Adrian rfnuts@arcor.de wrote:

Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the
C-field circuit.
Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B.
The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected.

I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an
external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly.

Adrian

Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb:

Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability,
but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current
generator and the C-field pots "calibration":

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have
a very high temp-co.

Getting closer...


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and follow the instructions there.

Hi Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”. You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability messed up that way. Bob > On Aug 29, 2015, at 9:03 AM, Adrian <rfnuts@arcor.de> wrote: > > Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the > C-field circuit. > Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B. > The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected. > > I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an > external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly. > > Adrian > > Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb: >> Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability, >> but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current >> generator and the C-field pots "calibration": >> >> http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html >> >> ... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have >> a very high temp-co. >> >> Getting closer... >> > > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there.
PK
Poul-Henning Kamp
Sat, Aug 29, 2015 7:33 PM

In message 8BE4F2B1-171B-4117-88A5-A6DC64D9890D@n1k.org, Bob Camp writes:

Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”.
You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with
the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability
messed up that way.

Yes, but they do have a good reason for it here:  They want the
C-field pot to be "calibrated" in frequency so they need the
resulting voltage to follow the quadratic C-field sensitivity
decently well.

I still havn't figured out what component is responsible for the
huge tempco, but it is not the C-field pot.  There's a few PPM
there but not that many.

--
Poul-Henning Kamp      | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
phk@FreeBSD.ORG        | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer      | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

-------- In message <8BE4F2B1-171B-4117-88A5-A6DC64D9890D@n1k.org>, Bob Camp writes: >Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”. >You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with >the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability >messed up that way. Yes, but they do have a good reason for it here: They want the C-field pot to be "calibrated" in frequency so they need the resulting voltage to follow the quadratic C-field sensitivity decently well. I still havn't figured out what component is responsible for the huge tempco, but it is not the C-field pot. There's a few PPM there but not that many. -- Poul-Henning Kamp | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20 phk@FreeBSD.ORG | TCP/IP since RFC 956 FreeBSD committer | BSD since 4.3-tahoe Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.
A
Adrian
Sun, Aug 30, 2015 12:05 PM

Bob,

agreed. But in the 5065A C-field circuit, the pot is wired as a variable
resistor.
The Bourns data sheets specifies +/- 50 ppm / deg C max.
Together with the two series resistors, the effective TC of the pot
drops to about 20 ppm.
That is indeed just 2 times more than the effective temperature
coefficient of the reference diode (1N938).

Btw. the 1N938 is running at about 7.5 mA +/- 1 mA, not at 12 mA as
mentioned earlier.
Some 3.5 to 5.5 mA are going through R8, R6, R12.
To get the correct diode current, this current has to be subtractrd from
the total current through R7 (Q5, Q6 base currents neglected).

Adrian

Bob Camp schrieb:

Hi

Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”.
You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with
the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability
messed up that way.

Bob

On Aug 29, 2015, at 9:03 AM, Adrian rfnuts@arcor.de wrote:

Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the
C-field circuit.
Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B.
The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected.

I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an
external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly.

Adrian

Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb:

Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability,
but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current
generator and the C-field pots "calibration":

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have
a very high temp-co.

Getting closer...


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Bob, agreed. But in the 5065A C-field circuit, the pot is wired as a variable resistor. The Bourns data sheets specifies +/- 50 ppm / deg C max. Together with the two series resistors, the effective TC of the pot drops to about 20 ppm. That is indeed just 2 times more than the effective temperature coefficient of the reference diode (1N938). Btw. the 1N938 is running at about 7.5 mA +/- 1 mA, not at 12 mA as mentioned earlier. Some 3.5 to 5.5 mA are going through R8, R6, R12. To get the correct diode current, this current has to be subtractrd from the total current through R7 (Q5, Q6 base currents neglected). Adrian Bob Camp schrieb: > Hi > > Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”. > You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with > the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability > messed up that way. > > Bob > >> On Aug 29, 2015, at 9:03 AM, Adrian <rfnuts@arcor.de> wrote: >> >> Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the >> C-field circuit. >> Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B. >> The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected. >> >> I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an >> external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly. >> >> Adrian >> >> Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb: >>> Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability, >>> but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current >>> generator and the C-field pots "calibration": >>> >>> http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html >>> >>> ... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have >>> a very high temp-co. >>> >>> Getting closer... >>> >> _______________________________________________ >> time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com >> To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts >> and follow the instructions there. > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there. >
BC
Bob Camp
Sun, Aug 30, 2015 4:00 PM

Hi

Another counter argument against the “ratio mode” is that with zero current
through the wiper, odd things can happen. There is always something
else to consider in any real design.

Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options
with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more
choices of how to get this sort of job done.

Bob

On Aug 30, 2015, at 8:05 AM, Adrian rfnuts@arcor.de wrote:

Bob,

agreed. But in the 5065A C-field circuit, the pot is wired as a variable
resistor.
The Bourns data sheets specifies +/- 50 ppm / deg C max.
Together with the two series resistors, the effective TC of the pot
drops to about 20 ppm.
That is indeed just 2 times more than the effective temperature
coefficient of the reference diode (1N938).

Btw. the 1N938 is running at about 7.5 mA +/- 1 mA, not at 12 mA as
mentioned earlier.
Some 3.5 to 5.5 mA are going through R8, R6, R12.
To get the correct diode current, this current has to be subtractrd from
the total current through R7 (Q5, Q6 base currents neglected).

Adrian

Bob Camp schrieb:

Hi

Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”.
You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with
the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability
messed up that way.

Bob

On Aug 29, 2015, at 9:03 AM, Adrian rfnuts@arcor.de wrote:

Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the
C-field circuit.
Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B.
The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected.

I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an
external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly.

Adrian

Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb:

Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability,
but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current
generator and the C-field pots "calibration":

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have
a very high temp-co.

Getting closer...


time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com
To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts
and follow the instructions there.


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Hi Another counter argument against the “ratio mode” is that with zero current through the wiper, odd things can happen. There is *always* something else to consider in any real design. Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more choices of how to get this sort of job done. Bob > On Aug 30, 2015, at 8:05 AM, Adrian <rfnuts@arcor.de> wrote: > > Bob, > > agreed. But in the 5065A C-field circuit, the pot is wired as a variable > resistor. > The Bourns data sheets specifies +/- 50 ppm / deg C max. > Together with the two series resistors, the effective TC of the pot > drops to about 20 ppm. > That is indeed just 2 times more than the effective temperature > coefficient of the reference diode (1N938). > > Btw. the 1N938 is running at about 7.5 mA +/- 1 mA, not at 12 mA as > mentioned earlier. > Some 3.5 to 5.5 mA are going through R8, R6, R12. > To get the correct diode current, this current has to be subtractrd from > the total current through R7 (Q5, Q6 base currents neglected). > > Adrian > > > Bob Camp schrieb: >> Hi >> >> Most potentiometers have very good TC when used in a “ratio mode”. >> You can quickly mess that up by putting resistance in series with >> the pot. It’s a bit surprising how may times you see this inherent stability >> messed up that way. >> >> Bob >> >>> On Aug 29, 2015, at 9:03 AM, Adrian <rfnuts@arcor.de> wrote: >>> >>> Keep in mind that potentiometer R6 is one of the key components of the >>> C-field circuit. >>> Together with R8 and R12, it defines the reference voltage to Q6A/B. >>> The tempco of that wire-wound potentiometer can certainly not be neglected. >>> >>> I would suggest to check the C-field temperature dependency with an >>> external precision current source feeding the C-coil directly. >>> >>> Adrian >>> >>> Poul-Henning Kamp schrieb: >>>> Using the Fluke 732A as voltage reference improved HP5065A stability, >>>> but not very much, so I looked closer at the constant-current >>>> generator and the C-field pots "calibration": >>>> >>>> http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html >>>> >>>> ... and found out that the current-sensing resistors R10||R11 have >>>> a very high temp-co. >>>> >>>> Getting closer... >>>> >>> _______________________________________________ >>> time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com >>> To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts >>> and follow the instructions there. >> _______________________________________________ >> time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com >> To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts >> and follow the instructions there. >> > > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there.
PK
Poul-Henning Kamp
Sun, Aug 30, 2015 7:54 PM

In message 1698D85B-EBB6-45E3-9CB0-CBF780CE5550@n1k.org, Bob Camp writes:

Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options
with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more
choices of how to get this sort of job done.

It's not just the swing, it's also the shape of the curve:

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

If it were just the range things would be a lot simpler.

--
Poul-Henning Kamp      | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
phk@FreeBSD.ORG        | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer      | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

-------- In message <1698D85B-EBB6-45E3-9CB0-CBF780CE5550@n1k.org>, Bob Camp writes: >Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options >with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more >choices of how to get this sort of job done. It's not just the swing, it's also the shape of the curve: http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html If it were just the range things would be a lot simpler. -- Poul-Henning Kamp | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20 phk@FreeBSD.ORG | TCP/IP since RFC 956 FreeBSD committer | BSD since 4.3-tahoe Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.
MD
Magnus Danielson
Mon, Aug 31, 2015 12:08 AM

Poul-Henning,

On 08/30/2015 09:54 PM, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote:


In message 1698D85B-EBB6-45E3-9CB0-CBF780CE5550@n1k.org, Bob Camp writes:

Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options
with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more
choices of how to get this sort of job done.

It's not just the swing, it's also the shape of the curve:

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

If it were just the range things would be a lot simpler.

Ehm, eh... that transistor pair you have there. How tight together is
really the transistors thermal connection? I bet not all that good.

The reason I got involved with counters and atomic references was
originally my interest in analog synthesizers, and there we use a
transistor pair for exponential conversion, which has scale and offset
issues and thermal issues. The use of a Q81 +3300 ppm/C resistor in the
division network helped to compensate the thermal properties of that
transistor pair, and you wanted stuff like MAT-01 where the two
transistors is thermally ties to each other and the put your tempco
resistor to that for good performance. All this requires good
measurement and good reference, so that what motivated me towards that
step. Anyway, the take-away is that you should look at that discrete
op-amp and see if it is not causing you the thermal dependence you are
trying to locate. Maybe replace it with a more modern op-amp like the
741 or something (irony may have been used).

Cheers,
Magnus

Poul-Henning, On 08/30/2015 09:54 PM, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote: > -------- > In message <1698D85B-EBB6-45E3-9CB0-CBF780CE5550@n1k.org>, Bob Camp writes: > >> Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options >> with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more >> choices of how to get this sort of job done. > > It's not just the swing, it's also the shape of the curve: > > http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html > > If it were just the range things would be a lot simpler. > Ehm, eh... that transistor pair you have there. How *tight* together is really the transistors thermal connection? I bet not all that good. The reason I got involved with counters and atomic references was originally my interest in analog synthesizers, and there we use a transistor pair for exponential conversion, which has scale and offset issues and thermal issues. The use of a Q81 +3300 ppm/C resistor in the division network helped to compensate the thermal properties of that transistor pair, and you wanted stuff like MAT-01 where the two transistors is thermally ties to each other and the put your tempco resistor to that for good performance. All this requires good measurement and good reference, so that what motivated me towards that step. Anyway, the take-away is that you should look at that discrete op-amp and see if it is not causing you the thermal dependence you are trying to locate. Maybe replace it with a more modern op-amp like the 741 or something (irony may have been used). Cheers, Magnus
BC
Bob Camp
Mon, Aug 31, 2015 2:09 AM

Hi

As we go joyously bashing the poor guys that designed this beast, it’s worth noting
just how old the design is. 741 op amps were indeed “modern” when they did much
of this and quite possibly to modern to be trusted. Most of the design would have been
right at home in the late 1960’s at a conservative design house. As time has shown, in
a lot of cases that mistrust of the early linear stuff was well founded ….The 741 only
was designed in 1968….The 5065 design dates to roughly that time.

Bob

On Aug 30, 2015, at 8:08 PM, Magnus Danielson magnus@rubidium.dyndns.org wrote:

Poul-Henning,

On 08/30/2015 09:54 PM, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote:


In message 1698D85B-EBB6-45E3-9CB0-CBF780CE5550@n1k.org, Bob Camp writes:

Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options
with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more
choices of how to get this sort of job done.

It's not just the swing, it's also the shape of the curve:

http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html

If it were just the range things would be a lot simpler.

Ehm, eh... that transistor pair you have there. How tight together is really the transistors thermal connection? I bet not all that good.

The reason I got involved with counters and atomic references was originally my interest in analog synthesizers, and there we use a transistor pair for exponential conversion, which has scale and offset issues and thermal issues. The use of a Q81 +3300 ppm/C resistor in the division network helped to compensate the thermal properties of that transistor pair, and you wanted stuff like MAT-01 where the two transistors is thermally ties to each other and the put your tempco resistor to that for good performance. All this requires good measurement and good reference, so that what motivated me towards that step. Anyway, the take-away is that you should look at that discrete op-amp and see if it is not causing you the thermal dependence you are trying to locate. Maybe replace it with a more modern op-amp like the 741 or something (irony may have been used).

Cheers,
Magnus


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Hi As we go joyously bashing the poor guys that designed this beast, it’s worth noting just how old the design is. 741 op amps were indeed “modern” when they did much of this and quite possibly to modern to be trusted. Most of the design would have been right at home in the late 1960’s at a conservative design house. As time has shown, in a lot of cases that mistrust of the early linear stuff was well founded ….The 741 only was designed in 1968….The 5065 design dates to roughly that time. Bob > On Aug 30, 2015, at 8:08 PM, Magnus Danielson <magnus@rubidium.dyndns.org> wrote: > > Poul-Henning, > > On 08/30/2015 09:54 PM, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote: >> -------- >> In message <1698D85B-EBB6-45E3-9CB0-CBF780CE5550@n1k.org>, Bob Camp writes: >> >>> Since they needed to calibrate the voltage swing, there aren’t a lot of options >>> with the technology they were using at the time. Today there are a lot more >>> choices of how to get this sort of job done. >> >> It's not just the swing, it's also the shape of the curve: >> >> http://phk.freebsd.dk/hacks/HP5065A/20150828_c_pot/index.html >> >> If it were just the range things would be a lot simpler. >> > > Ehm, eh... that transistor pair you have there. How *tight* together is really the transistors thermal connection? I bet not all that good. > > The reason I got involved with counters and atomic references was originally my interest in analog synthesizers, and there we use a transistor pair for exponential conversion, which has scale and offset issues and thermal issues. The use of a Q81 +3300 ppm/C resistor in the division network helped to compensate the thermal properties of that transistor pair, and you wanted stuff like MAT-01 where the two transistors is thermally ties to each other and the put your tempco resistor to that for good performance. All this requires good measurement and good reference, so that what motivated me towards that step. Anyway, the take-away is that you should look at that discrete op-amp and see if it is not causing you the thermal dependence you are trying to locate. Maybe replace it with a more modern op-amp like the 741 or something (irony may have been used). > > Cheers, > Magnus > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there.