Colleagues --below is an Interesting example of a dirty data discovery method using deception to document fraud. In such situations do researchers have any obligations to inform and obtain the consent of their subjects in providing them with what Goffman called a "vital test"? :) Two cheers for covert surveillance? Gary T. Marx https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/22/science/open-access-journals.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news www.garymarx.net<http://www.garymarx.net>