Although the report headline is no statistical significant difference between response rate for the test with or without the citizenship question, it is important to note the “however:” “ However, in some areas and for some subgroups, there were statistically significant lower self- response rates for the test questionnaire with the citizenship question than for the questionnaire without the citizenship question. These differences were observed for the following: • Mail respondents • Tracts designated to receive bilingual materials. • Tracts with greater than 4.9 percent noncitizens. • Tracts with greater than 49.1 percent Hispanic residents. • Tracts with between 5.0-20.0 percent Asian residents. • Housing units within the Los Angeles Regional Census Center and New York Regional Census Center boundaries. In addition, the proportion of those who identified as Hispanic (and were listed as the first person on the questionnaire) was statistically significantly lower for the treatment with the citizenship question. Additional analysis was conducted on partial internet responses, which are responses in which the respondent started but did not complete the questionnaire. Among internet respondents, there was a statistically higher rate of partial responses in the treatment with the citizenship question compared to the treatment without the citizenship question. Those breakoffs occurred during the collection of person demographics at a higher rate for the treatment with the citizenship question.” https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/census-tests/2019/2019-census-test-report.pdf JoAnn Weinberger Nonprofit Leadership Consultant