The only activity possible at the time was estimating the probability of making my flight. At that point I had a revelation - the bit about the big hand and the little hand and visualizing subtended angles. So I had to do the math. No big deal, I didn't have anything better to do sitting in that bus.

In that congressional hearings, the golf industry alone - these are the industry estimates - told Congress one additional month of daylight saving was worth $200 million in additional sales of golf clubs and greens fees.

If the characteristics of the transmitting antenna are known, a model of the pulse decay could be used to estimate the transmit time. The phase transitions happen during the low-power intervals (-17 dB), so they would seem to be less useful than the amplitude transitions: an 11 dB penalty, counting the gain from the antipodal signaling.

The levels trigger when the precision estimate is 10E-9 and 10E-11. If you have a resolution of 10nS then take 10 averages and your resolution will be 1nS and so on. When I switch level, the number of averages is increased too but this leads to a slower DAC update rate.

You can get some idea of industrial productivity if you can estimate and remove non-industrial loads, perhaps by comparing weekends to work weeks. The dip during working hours and the rise at 4-5 AM are proportional to the total power used, for the same generating capacity.

It's that darn factor that can't be estimated well. If you are trying to site a GPS antenna. Buy a 1" iron pipe and a 1" pipe flange. The flange provides a flat mounting surface for the antenna and the wires can fit neatly inside the pipe. I found with my timing antenna that the bolt pattern on the bottom exactly fit a standard pipe flange.

I was thinking not so much reducing error in the overall measurement, but in reducing the uncertainty in the estimate of the size of each contributor to the overall system. > > For example, instead of temperature control you modulate temperature > by 5C over a 13 hour period.

The TS-2700 keeps a running log of its estimate of the PRS10 frequency but, as you say, it does not adjust the PRS10. >It is included in the TS-2500 box as baggage to be used only if the >GPS timing fails.

For instance, if your control loop has estimated the aging rate (and you have an oscillator that ages really, really fast), you could do that. or if your control loop ingests the temperature and has calculated the temperature/frequency transfer function. But it seems that you have a fairly short holdover time requirement (seconds, maybe a few minutes?)

MDEV and PDEV is even better at filtering out noise and give power estimates, which smoothes out it more, which thus just makes it harder to discover. The dynamic ADEV can help a litte. It is the diversity of plots, ADEV, FFT and phase-/frequency-plots (residue plots of some suitable matching model) which can help to unveil behaviors of interest.