Considering that Allan deviation estimation has problem of its own, this scale error is not significant. What you do need to check is that the relationship between intended gain and injection gain is sufficiently different.

That makes the estimation process pretty tough. Pay for them as if they were dead, feel good if you get a working one. Don't feel bad if you get out-bid... There are indeed things that a Cs can do that a GPS locked Rb can not. Running a Cs 24 hours a day 365 days a year for years and years can be pretty expensive.

. > > The idea is to do some curve fitting to get a frequency estimate, > > computate Allan Deviation, and do the obligatory plots. With regard to > > Allan Deviation, as long as I make sure the measurements have zero dead > > time, I can compute Allan Deviation using the raw time stamps, right? Yes. > > Also note the glaring lack of a prescaler.

They may have saved $5 to $6 dollars, but not the $9.99 they wanted, and I still got it as quick as UPS ground estimated, but the point is, it didn't cost the $9.99 more to ship it, and it did not arrive by the requested shipper, with insurance. I didn't check with USPS to see what rate it would be, but that's what the seller pulled.

This U.S. beam has been used to make a similar measurement, but the GPS timing equipment that was used (Truetime XL-AK, Model 600-101-015) resulted in an estimated uncertainty of about 70 ns in the neutrino time-of-flight, too large to test the recently reported effect. I am one of a group of physicists working with the neutrino beam in the U.S.

With all that said, when you are doing things in software, you *can* have both: Steer the local osc by FLL to get optimal frequency (and thus hold-over), and estimate and compensate for the phase error in software.

taps on a single terminated line ensure that the isolation between such internal sources and the shared line is limited by the isolation afforded by the internal source selection gating/switching of each device.adding or removing a tap invariably changes the phase shift between the source and each of the other receivers.The minimum isolation required can be estimated

By estimating the noise-level from the ADEV, the particular MDEV slope level can be concluded. Doing so for the noise-forms identified allows conversion from ADEV to MDEV, giving the assumption that white phase modulation noise and flicker phase modulation noise isn't separated but is dominated by white phase modulation noise.

You probably need to do some sort of slope estimation. The still better solution is to get an ADC that is not super noisy. Most built in ADC’s on MCU’s are quite noisy when evaluated against their claimed resolution level. Even with a few thousand samples, this may not improve as much as you would wish for.

I suspect that this will cause rather small error in the device's estimate of pseudo-range but this will be the same for each satellite. Overall I doubt that the effect will be serious either for positioning or timing - if it were I think (knowing u-blox) they would make recommendations in the guide.